In this article, we look at the integrated CM-Cx service model alternative—where both functions are managed by a single entity with a unified team and goal—designed to maximize project value, minimize risk, and enhance execution efficiency.

So your pipe burst, your pump shaft snapped, or your welded joint split, and you need to figure out why and how to fix it. The next steps you take can make the difference between finding answers and leaving the mystery unsolved until the next failure.

Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a systems approach to hazard analysis. It is based on the premise that accidents happen when we lose control. They are a control problem, not a failure problem.