In determination of consequence and risk assignment, multiple aspects are considered such as the impact of failure on the health and safety of personnel and community in the impacted area, environment, cost of recovery (cleaning, maintenance, extent of operation, repairs) and business.

Oil well stimulation is commonly undertaken using aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF), organic acids or mixture. The use of these acids will open new channels near the wellbore region for the oil and gas flow through and will result in increased production.

In this GATEKEEPER, the philosophy around the materials selection and corrosion monitoring is discussed as the primary design barrier to corrosion and cracking in critical parts of a subsea system.

This series of two articles discusses the diagnosis, detection and remediation of oil and gas production system blockages in detail. The current issue focuses on blockage characterization and detection.

The following material properties are important when understanding the limitations of API 5CT high strength steels: yield strength (YS), Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact energy, hardness and tempering.

This GATEKEEPER article focuses on the prediction, prevention and remediation of liquid loading, including discussion of liquid loading analysis.

The objective of this GATEKEEPER is to provide a high-level overview of the model commonly used in the industry to estimate the wax deposition.

The design and development of a viable, robust wax management strategy relies upon the economical evaluation of available management techniques.

Wax management strategies developed during Front End Engineering Design (FEED) can mitigate or perhaps even prevent these costs. The goal of this GATEKEEPER series is to provide high-level insight into the planning, execution, and maintenance of wax management strategies.

The mechanisms that can lead to catastrophic failures of equipment in the oil and gas industry due to the presence of mercury are briefly presented in this GATEKEEPER.

Methanol (MeOH) contamination of crude oil is a growing concern in the oil and gas industry, as pipeline and refinery quality requirements become more restrictive.

GATE develops and implements DST’s to mitigate high risk exposure associated with project execution.

This GATEKEEPER provides a general overview of the epoxy coatings used in offshore oil and gas service and discusses common causes of premature coating failure as well as factors affect coating quality.

Casing and tubing that are subjected to combined loads have higher collapse strength than previous formulas would predict, permitting the use of thinner walled, or lower strength, pipe than formerly required.

In Part 1 of this GATEKEEPER series on complexity, we identified 8 key sources of project and project team complexity. In Part 2, we discuss what can be done about them.

A project consists of two interacting networks; one CPS (the kit) and one CAS (the human organization). We should expect some surprises (emergence) from the interaction of these two complex systems.

Artificial lift methods transfer energy to the produced fluid with the objectives of reducing the fluid density and the pressure head or boosting the flowing pressure.

This GATEKEEPER discusses an effective subsea tree PWV (USV) leak test method. The test can be done quickly – entire test time is about 15 minutes, including the 5 minute monitoring time.

Acidizing involves pumping acid into a wellbore or geologic formation that is capable of producing oil and/or gas. The purpose of acidizing is to improve a well’s productivity or injectivity after production has declined 4.

Annulus Pressure Management refers to an engineered approach ensuring that casing annulus pressures do not challenge the well’s integrity during the life of the well.